rule


 

 

Canto 10

Nrisimha Pranâma

 

 
Chapter 6: The Killing of the Demon Pûtanâ

(1) S'rî S'uka said: 'Nanda on his way [home] thought that the words of the son of S'ûra [Vasudeva] were not said unjustly and therefore he, apprehensive of difficulties ahead, took shelter of the Lord. (2) Kamsa [see 10.4: 43] had sent a ghastly murderess who roamed the cities, towns and villages to kill babies. (3) Wherever one manages to listen and all of that [in bhakti], and one performs one's duty, there cannot, because of the Protector of the Devotees, be any question of murderous ogres and bad elements. (4) She who was called Pûtanâ and could move through the air, one day flew to the village of Nanda. There she converted herself by her mystic power into a beautiful woman and, moving about at will, penetrated wherever she wanted. (5-6) With her hair arranged with mallikâ [jasmine] flowers, with her very big breasts and hips that outweighed her slim waist, with her nice clothes and the earrings she wore, with the brilliance and great attraction of her face that was surrounded by her black hair, and with the appealing glances she threw at everyone, she as a beauty attracted the attention of everyone in Gokula. In the eyes of the gopîs she, so ravishing with a lotus in her hand, seemed to be the goddess of beauty who had arrived to see her Husband. (7) The baby murderess, unchecked, entered the house of Nanda, looked for children and saw there the Child that Puts an End to All Untruth lying in bed. Its unlimited power was covered, just like a fire that lies hidden under ashes. (8) Understanding that she was bent on killing babies, He, the Unlimited Soul of All That Lives and Not Lives, closed His eyes when she, unaware, like someone who takes a sleeping snake for a rope, placed Him - her own death, on her lap. (9) With an evil mind acting most pleasantly, she was like a sharp sword in a nice scabbard. The mothers [Yas'odâ and Rohinî] though who saw her in the room were so impressed by the conspicuous, beautiful woman, that they stood rooted to the spot. (10) The terrible woman placed Him on her lap and on the spot pushed her breast into His mouth. The breast was smeared with a strong poison, but the Supreme Lord in response squeezed her painfully hard with both His hands and vehemently sucked both the poison and the life out of her. (11) Completely being exhausted she cried, from the core of her being, 'stop, stop, enough!', and severely perspiring opened her eyes wide and violently struggled, kicking all around with her arms and legs. (12) The very deep and powerful sound she produced, made the earth with its mountains, outer space with all its stars above, and the worlds below, tremble in all directions. People who felt the vibrations feared to be hit by lightening and fell flat to the ground. (13) Thus squirming being tormented at her breasts, she, with her mouth wide open and all of her arms, legs and hair spread out, gave up her life. Thereupon she expanded to her original demoniac form and collapsed on the pasturing grounds, oh King, just as when Vritrâsura was killed by Indra's bolt [see 6.12]. (14) As her body fell down it smashed all trees twelve miles around, oh King, for it was wonderfully gigantic.

(15-17) The gopas and gopîs, who in their hearts, ears and heads were already shocked by the loud yelling, were terrified to see that massive body. The mouth had fearful teeth as high as a plow, the nostrils were as big as mountain caves, the breasts were like huge boulders, the scattered hair looked like copper, the deep eye sockets were like overgrown wells, the thighs were like river banks, the limbs resembled dams, and the abdomen looked like a dried-up lake. (18) And on top of it the child was fearlessly playing. It was quickly picked up by the approaching gopîs who were all greatly excited. (19) Together with Yas'odâ and Rohinî they waved a cow's tail around the child in order to assure it of full protection against all dangers. (20) The child was thoroughly washed with cow's urine and further covered with dust thrown up by cows. Next for the protection of the child the Holy Name was applied with cow dung in twelve places [*]. (21) The gopîs took a sip of water [âcamana] and after placing the letters of the [following **] mantra on their bodies and two hands, they proceeded with the child: (22-23) 'May Aja protect Your legs, may Manimân protect Your knees, may Yajña protect Your thighs, may Acyuta protect You above the waist, may Hayagrîva protect Your abdomen, may Kes'ava protect Your heart, may Îs'a protect Your chest, may Sûrya protect Your neck, may Vishnu protect Your arms, may Urukrama protect Your mouth, and may Îs'vara protect Your head. May Cakrî protect You from the front, may the Supreme Personality of Gadâdharî, the carrier of the club, protect You from the back, and may the killer of Madhu and Ajana, the carrier of the bow and the sword, protect Your two sides. May Lord Urugâya, the carrier of the conch shell, protect You from all corners, may Upendra protect You from above, may [the One riding] Garuda protect You on the ground, and may the Supreme Person of Haladhara protect You on all sides. (24) May Your senses be protected by Hrishîkes'a and Your life air by Nârâyana, may the Master of S'vetadvîpa protect Your memory and may Your mind be guarded by Yoges'vara. (25-26) May Pris'nigarbha protect Your intelligence, may Your soul be protected by Bhagavân, may Govinda protect You when You play, and may Mâdhava protect You in Your sleep. May the Lord of Vaikunthha protect You when You walk, may the Husband of the Goddess of Fortune protect You when You sit down, and may Lord Yajñabhuk, the fear of all evil planets, protect You when You enjoy life. (27-29) The demoniac women, devils and haters of children that are like bad stars, the evil spirits, hobgoblins, ghosts and spooks, the ogres, monsters and witches like Kotharâ, Revatî, Jyeshthhâ, Mâtrikâ and Pûtanâ, who drive people mad, are the ones who bewilder the memory and hinder one's body, life air and vitality. May those nightmarish beings who cause so much trouble for both old and young people, all be vanquished, may they all be scared away by the chanting of Lord Vishnu's names.'

(30) S'ri S'uka said: 'Bound by their maternal affection, the elderly gopîs thus took all measures to ward off evil. His mother thereupon nursed Him and put her son in bed. (31) The gopas, headed by Nanda, in the meantime had returned from Mathurâ, and when they saw Pûtanâ's body in Vraja they were all struck with great wonder [and said]: (32) 'Oh friends, Ânakadundubhi appears to have grown into a great master of yoga. Otherwise, how could he have predicted the kind of situation we see now?' (33) The inhabitants of Vraja cut the mass of the body into pieces with the help of axes. Then it was thrown away in a distant place, covered with wood and burned to ashes. (34) When they cremated the body, the smoke produced turned out to be as serenely fragrant as aguru incense. Being sucked by Krishna, that body had been instantly freed from all contaminations [see also 1.2: 17]. (35-36) If Pûtanâ, that child murderess and she-devil hankering for blood, despite her lust to destroy, could attain the supreme destination after offering her breast to the Lord, then what may those expect who with faith and devotion, just like His affectionate mothers, offered the one most dear, Krishna, the Supreme Personality, what [He needed]? (37-38) The Supreme Lord embraced her breast and trod her body with His lotus feet, the feet the devotees always have in their hearts and are held in devotion by those praised everywhere [like Brahmâ and S'iva]. When she, by assuming the position of a mother, went to heaven, despite being a murderess, then what would that mean for the motherly cows that by Krishna were sucked for enjoying the milk? (39-40) Oh King, for all women from whose love for the child the milk was flowing that He, the Supreme Lord, the bestower of Oneness, Giver of Liberation and son of Devakî, drank to His satisfaction, for all those who constantly made Krishna their maternal concern [the gopîs], it can never be so that they have to return to the material ocean where one lusts in ignorance [see also B.G. 4: 9].

(41) Smelling the fragrance of the smoke that emanated, all the inhabitants of Vrajabhûmi wondered: 'Where does it come from?' Thus talking to each other they reached the cow village. (42) Getting there they were greatly surprised to hear what the gopas all had to say about the havoc Pûtanâ had created, how she had died and everything that was done for the sake of the baby. (43) The gentle-minded Nanda took his son on his lap as if He had returned from death, smelled His head and achieved the highest peace, oh best of the Kurus. (44) Any mortal who with faith and devotion listens to this wonderful Krishna childhood pastime about the salvation of Pûtanâ, will grow fond of Govinda ['the Protector of the Cows'].'

 

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Third revised edition, loaded May 10, 2020.

 

 

 

 

 

Previous Aadhar edition and Vedabase links:

Text 1

S'rî S'uka said: 'Nanda on his way [home] thought that the words of the son of S'ûra [Vasudeva] were not said unjustly and therefore he, apprehensive of difficulties ahead, took shelter of the Lord.
S'rî S'uka said: 'Nanda on his way [home] thought that the words of the son of S'ûra [Vasudeva] were not without a purpose and thus took he, apprehensive of difficulties ahead, shelter of the Lord. (Vedabase)

  

Text 2

Kamsa [see 10.4: 43] had sent a ghastly murderess who roamed the cities, towns and villages to kill babies.

As arranged by Kamsa [see 10.4: 43] was there a ghastly murderess who roamed the cities, towns and villages to kill babies. (Vedabase)

 

Text 3

Wherever one manages to listen and all of that [in bhakti], and one performs one's duty, there cannot, because of the Protector of the Devotees, be any question of murderous ogres and bad elements.

[Now,] wherever one does one's duty and knows to listen and that all [in bhakti], can't there, by the Protector of the Devotees, be no question of cries for murder of ogres and bad elements. (Vedabase)

 

Text 4

She who was called Pûtanâ and could move through the air, one day flew to the village of Nanda. There she converted herself by her mystic power into a beautiful woman and, moving about at will, penetrated wherever she wanted.

That one called Pûtanâ, who could travel by air, once flew to the village of Nanda, converted herself by mystic power into a beautiful woman and entered there just moving about as she desired. (Vedabase)

 

Text 5-6

With her hair arranged with mallikâ [jasmine] flowers, with her very big breasts and hips that outweighed her slim waist, with her nice clothes and the earrings she wore, with the brilliance and great attraction of her face that was surrounded by her black hair, and with the appealing glances she threw at everyone, she as a beauty attracted the attention of everyone in Gokula. In the eyes of the gopîs she, so ravishing with a lotus in her hand, seemed to be the goddess of beauty who had arrived to see her Husband.

With her hair arrangement with mallikâ [jasmine] flowers, her very big breasts and hips which outweighed her slim waist, with her fine apparel and the earrings she wore, the brilliance and great attraction of her face surrounded by her black hair and with her appealing glancing at everyone, she attracted with her beauty the attention of everyone in Gokula; to the gopîs it seemed that she, so ravishing with a lotus in her hand, was the goddess of beauty who had come to see her Husband. (Vedabase)

 

Text 7

The baby murderess, unchecked, entered the house of Nanda, looked for children and saw there the Child that Puts an End to All Untruth lying in bed. Its unlimited power was covered, just like a fire that lies hidden under ashes.

The baby murderess in the house of Nanda unchecked looking for children saw there lying the Child Putting an End to all Untruth whose unlimited power was covered, just like fire hidden within ashes. (Vedabase)

  

Text 8

Understanding that she was bent on killing babies, He, the Unlimited Soul of All That Lives and Not Lives, closed His eyes when she, unaware, like someone who takes a sleeping snake for a rope, placed Him - her own death, on her lap

Understanding that she was there to kill babies closed He, the Unlimited Soul of the Animate and Inanimate, His eyes the moment she, unaware like someone who takes a sleeping snake for a rope, placed Him, her own death, on her lap. (Vedabase)

    

Text 9

With an evil mind acting most pleasantly, she was like a sharp sword in a nice scabbard. The mothers [Yas'odâ and Rohinî] though who saw her in the room were so impressed by the conspicuous, beautiful woman, that they stood rooted to the spot.

Evil minded trying it like a mother was she like a sharp sword in a nice scabbard, the way she was seen in the room by the two mothers who under the influence of her beauty being impressed stood nailed to the ground. (Vedabase)

 

Text 10

The terrible woman placed Him on her lap and on the spot pushed her breast into His mouth. The breast was smeared with a strong poison, but the Supreme Lord in response squeezed her painfully hard with both His hands and vehemently sucked both the poison and the life out of her.

The horror of her placing Him on her lap pushed right there her breast, as a weapon poisoned, in His mouth, but in response squeezed the Supreme Lord her painfully hard with both His hands and sucked He vehemently both the poison and the life out of her. (Vedabase)

 

Text 11

Completely being exhausted she cried, from the core of her being, 'stop, stop, enough!', and severely perspiring opened her eyes wide and violently struggled, kicking all around with her arms and legs.

Stressed in all her being she loudly wailing cried 'Help, help me; enough!' and spread her eyes wide open, sweating profusely while she struggling tossed about her legs and arms. (Vedabase)


Text 12

The very deep and powerful sound she produced, made the earth with its mountains, outer space with all its stars above, and the worlds below, tremble in all directions. People who felt the vibrations feared to be hit by lightening and fell flat to the ground.

The sound of her made the earth with its mountains and outer space with all its stars above and worlds below in all directions tremble with people falling flat to the ground to the vibrations afraid to be hit by lightening. (Vedabase)

 

Text 13

Thus squirming being tormented at her breasts, she, with her mouth wide open and all of her arms, legs and hair spread out, gave up her life. Thereupon she expanded to her original demoniac form and collapsed on the pasturing grounds, oh King, just as when Vritrâsura was killed by Indra's bolt [see 6.12].

Thus tormented at her breasts squirming, gave she up her life with her mouth wide open and her arms, legs and hair all spread out. Next she expanded to her original demoniac form falling down in the pasturing grounds o King, like Vritrâsura being killed by the bolt of Indra [see 6.12]. (Vedabase)

 

Text 14

As her body fell down it smashed all trees twelve miles around, oh King, for it was wonderfully gigantic.

Her body in the process of falling down smashed all trees twelve miles around, o King, as it most wonderfully was gigantic. (Vedabase)

 

Text 15-17

The gopas and gopîs, who in their hearts, ears and heads were already shocked by the loud yelling, were terrified to see that massive body. The mouth had fearful teeth as high as a plow, the nostrils were as big as mountain caves, the breasts were like huge boulders, the scattered hair looked like copper, the deep eye sockets were like overgrown wells, the thighs were like river banks, the limbs resembled dams, and the abdomen looked like a dried-up lake.

The gopas and gopîs, who in their hearts, ears and heads were already shocked by the loud screaming, were terrified to see that massive body of which the mouth had teeth as high as a plow, the nostrils were like mountain caves, the breasts were as boulders, the wild hair scattered looked like copper, the deep eye sockets were like blind wells, the thighs were like river banks with the limbs as bridges and the abdomen was as a dried up lake. (Vedabase)

 

Text 18

And on top of it the child was fearlessly playing. It was quickly picked up by the approaching gopîs who were all greatly excited.

And on top of it was there the child, fearlessly playing, which quickly was picked up by the gopîs who all thrown in excitement came near. (Vedabase)

  

Text 19

Together with Yas'odâ and Rohinî they waved a cow's tail around the child in order to assure it of  full protection against all dangers.

Together with Yas'odâ and Rohinî waved they a cow's tail around the child in order to assure it a full protection against all dangers. (Vedabase)

 

Text 20

The child was thoroughly washed with cow's urine and further covered with dust thrown up by cows. Next for the protection of the child the Holy Name was applied with cow dung in twelve places [*].

With cow's urine was the child thoroughly washed and again covered with dust thrown up by cows. Next applied they for the child's protection as well the Holy Name in twelve places with cow-dung [*].  (Vedabase)

 

Text 21

The gopîs took a sip of water [âcamana] and after placing the letters of the [following **] mantra on their bodies and two hands, they proceeded with the child:

The gopîs took a sip of water [âcamana] and after placing the letters of the [following **] mantra on their own bodies and two hands, they then proceeded so with the child: (Vedabase)

 

Text 22-23

'May Aja protect Your legs, may Manimân protect Your knees, may Yajña protect Your thighs, may Acyuta protect You above the waist, may Hayagrîva protect Your abdomen, may Kes'ava protect Your heart, may Îs'a protect Your chest, may Sûrya protect Your neck, may Vishnu protect Your arms, may Urukrama protect Your mouth, and may Îs'vara protect Your head. May Cakrî protect You from the front, may the Supreme Personality of Gadâdharî, the carrier of the club, protect You from the back, and may the killer of Madhu and Ajana, the carrier of the bow and the sword, protect Your two sides. May Lord Urugâya, the carrier of the conch shell, protect You from all corners, may Upendra protect You from above, may [the One riding] Garuda protect You on the ground, and may the Supreme Person of Haladhara protect You on all sides.

'May Aja protect Your legs, may Manimân protect Your knees, may Yajña protect Your thighs, may Acyuta protect You above the waist, may Hayagrîva protect Your abdomen, may Kes'ava protect Your heart, may Îs'a protect Your chest, may Sûrya protect Your neck, may Vishnu protect Your arms, may Urukrama protect Your mouth and may Îs'vara protect Your head. May Cakrî protect You from the front; may the Supreme Personality of Gadâdharî, the carrier of the club, protect You from the back; and may the killer of Madhu and Ajana, the carrier of the bow and the sword protect Your two sides. May Lord Urugâya, the carrier of the conchshell, protect You from all corners; may Upendra protect You from above; may [the One riding] Garuda protect You on the ground; and may the Supreme Person of Haladhara, protect You on all sides. (Vedabase)

   

Text 24

May Your senses be protected by Hrishîkes'a and Your life air by Nârâyana, may the Master of S'vetadvîpa protect Your memory and may Your mind be guarded by Yoges'vara.

May Your senses be protected by Hrishîkes'a, Your life-air by Nârâyana, may the Master of S'vetadvîpa protect the core of Your heart and may Your mind be guarded by Yoges'vara. (Vedabase)

 

Text 25-26

May Pris'nigarbha protect Your intelligence, may Your soul be protected by Bhagavân, may Govinda protect You when You play, and may Mâdhava protect You in Your sleep. May the Lord of Vaikunthha protect You when You walk, may the Husband of the Goddess of Fortune protect You when You sit down, and may Lord Yajñabhuk, the fear of all evil planets, protect You when You enjoy life.

May Pris'nigarbha protect Your intelligence, may Your soul be protected by Bhagavân, may Govinda protect You when You play and may Mâdhava protect You in Your sleep. May the Lord of Vaikunthha protect You when You walk, the Husband of the Goddess of Fortune protect You when You sit down and may Lord Yajñabhuk, the fear of all evil planets, protect You enjoying life. (Vedabase)

 

Text 27-29

The demoniac women, devils and haters of children that are like bad stars, the evil spirits, hobgoblins, ghosts and spooks, the ogres, monsters and witches like Kotharâ, Revatî, Jyeshthhâ, Mâtrikâ and Pûtanâ, who drive people mad, are the ones who bewilder the memory and hinder one's body, life air and vitality. May those nightmarish beings who cause so much trouble for both old and young people, all be vanquished, may they all be scared away by the chanting of Lord Vishnu's names.'

The demoniac women, devils and haters of children that are like bad stars; the evil spirits, hobgoblins, ghosts and spooks, the ogres, monsters and witches like Kotharâ, Revatî, Jyeshthhâ, Mâtrikâ and Pûtanâ who drive people mad, are the ones who bewilder the memory and give trouble to one's body, life-air and vitality. May those nightmare-beings causing so much difficulties attacking the most wise and the children all be vanquished, scared off by the chanting of the names of Vishnu'. (Vedabase)

 

Text 30

S'ri S'uka said: 'Bound by their maternal affection, the elderly gopîs thus took all measures to ward off evil. His mother thereupon nursed Him and put her son in bed.

S'ri S'uka said: 'This way were by the elderly gopîs, thus bound by their maternal affection, all measures taken to ward off the evil. Next gave mom Him the nipple and put she her son in bed. (Vedabase)

 

Text 31

The gopas, headed by Nanda, in the meantime had returned from Mathurâ, and when they saw Pûtanâ's body in Vraja they were all struck with great wonder [and said]:

In the meantime had the gopas headed by Nanda returned from Mathurâ and when they in Vraja saw Pûtanâ's body were they all struck with great wonder [and said]: (Vedabase)

 

Text 32

'Oh friends, Ânakadundubhi appears to have grown into a great master of yoga. Otherwise, how could he have predicted the kind of situation we see now?'

'It must be so, o friends, that Ânakadundubhi has grown into a great master of yoga or something, this indeed we can see now because this is the kind of situation he predicted!' (Vedabase)

 

Text 33

The inhabitants of Vraja cut the mass of the body into pieces with the help of axes. Then it was thrown away in a distant place, covered with wood and burned to ashes.

The mass of the body was with the help of axes by all the inhabitants of Vraja cut in pieces and, taken away a long distance, thrown down, covered with wood and burned to ashes. (Vedabase)

 

 Text 34

When they cremated the body, the smoke produced turned out to be as serenely fragrant as aguru incense. Being sucked by Krishna, that body had been instantly freed from all contaminations [see also 1.2: 17].

And as they burned the body proved the smoke emanating to be as serenely fragrant as aguru incense because, being sucked by Krishna, it had instantly been freed from all contaminations [see also 1.2: 17]. (Vedabase)

 

Text 35-36

If Pûtanâ, that child murderess and she-devil hankering for blood, despite her lust to destroy, could attain the supreme destination after offering her breast to the Lord, then what may those expect who with faith and devotion, just like His affectionate mothers, offered the one most dear, Krishna, the Supreme Personality, what [He needed]?

If Pûtanâ, that child murderess and she-devil hankering for blood, despite of her lust to destroy, after offering her breast to the Lord, could attain the supreme destination, then what to speak of those with faith and devotion who have an affinity alike indeed those affectionate mothers to whom Krishna, the Supreme Personality, is the dearmost? (Vedabase)

 

 Text 37-38

The Supreme Lord embraced her breast and trod her body with His lotus feet, the feet the devotees always have in their hearts and are held in devotion by those praised everywhere [like Brahmâ and S'iva]. When she, by assuming the position of a mother, went to heaven, despite being a murderess, then what would that mean for the motherly cows that by Krishna were sucked for enjoying the milk?

With His lotus feet, which the devotees always have in their hearts and which are held in devotion by those praised everywhere [like Brahmâ and S'iva], trod the Supreme Lord her body and her breast and went she, even though she was a murderess, taking the position of a mother, to heaven; what would that mean to the motherly cows from the teats of whom Krishna enjoyed the milk? (Vedabase)

 

 Text 39-40

Oh King, for all women from whose love for the child the milk was flowing that He, the Supreme Lord, the bestower of Oneness, Giver of Liberation and son of Devakî, drank to His satisfaction, for all those who constantly made Krishna their maternal concern [the gopîs], it can never be so that they have to return to the material ocean where one lusts in ignorance [see also B.G. 4: 9].

From all women from whose love for the child the milk was flowing that He, the Supreme Lord, the bestower of Oneness, Giver of Liberation and son of Devakî, drank to His satisfaction; from all those who constantly made Krishna their maternal concern, may one never think, o King, that they would return to the material ocean where one lusts in ignorance [see also B.G. 4: 9]. (Vedabase)

 

 Text 41

Smelling the fragrance of the smoke that emanated, all the inhabitants of Vrajabhûmi wondered: 'Where does it come from?' Thus talking to each other they reached the cow village.

Smelling the fragrance of the smoke emanating wondered all the inhabitants of Vrajabhûmi: 'Where is it coming from?' and thus speaking with one another reached they the cow-village. (Vedabase)

 

 Text 42

Getting there they were greatly surprised to hear what the gopas all had to say about the havoc Pûtanâ had created, how she had died and everything that was done for the sake of the baby.

Getting there were they greatly surprised to hear what the gopas all had to say about the havoc Pûtanâ had created, how she had died and what all for the good of the baby was done. (Vedabase)

 

 Text 43

The gentle-minded Nanda took his son on his lap as if He had returned from death, smelled His head and achieved the highest peace, oh best of the Kurus.

Nanda taking his son on his lap as if He had returned from death, simple and straight smelled His head and achieved the highest peace o best of the Kurus. (Vedabase)

 

 Text 44

Any mortal who with faith and devotion listens to this wonderful Krishna childhood pastime about the salvation of Pûtanâ, will grow fond of Govinda ['the Protector of the Cows'].'

Any mortal who with faith and devotion should hear of this wonderful Krishna childhood pastime of the salvation of Pûtanâ will grow fond of Govinda ['the Protector of the Cows'].' (Vedabase)

 

*: Waving a cow's tail around a child is an occult rite in which the tail of a cow is regarded the seat of Lakshmî, the Goddess of Fortune. This is also true for the urine, dust, the milk and dung of the cows that with their products are held sacred. The urine has antiseptic qualities, the dung serves as fuel and the milk brings all health and wealth.

**: With the mantra [anga-nyâsa and kara-nyâsa] one asigns the first letter or seed-letter of the names of the Lord mentioned in the next verse, followed by anusvâra and the word namah.

 

 

 


Creative Commons License
The text and audio are offered under the conditions of the
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
The (computer enhanced) painting on this page of Pûtanâ is a Rajasthani painting.
Indian, Punjab Hills, Kangra or Guler(?), 18th century.

Source: Ackland Museum of Art.
Production:
Filognostic Association of The Order of Time.

 

 

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